Estado del arte de los procesos de soldadura con Tig para estructuras de aluminio
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64424/rcu42202594Palabras clave:
Aluminio, Soldadura TIG, ZAC, PrismaResumen
La soldadura por fusión es un proceso clave en la fabricación industrial, entre sus variantes, el proceso TIG destaca para soldar aleaciones de aluminio que son considerados como materiales ligeros y de alta resistencia debido a su precisión y calidad. Sin embargo, su principal desafío es el control térmico. Un aporte de calor insuficiente no rompe la capa de óxido del aluminio, mientras que el exceso expande la Zona Afectada por el Calor (ZAC), provocando crecimiento de grano, pérdida de propiedades mecánicas hasta un 50% de resistencia y defectos. Esta revisión sistemática empleó el método PRISMA para analizar, en Scopus, el impacto de la temperatura del proceso TIG sobre las propiedades de las soldaduras de aluminio. Tras filtrar 823 documentos con criterios estrictos 2020-2025, acceso abierto, se seleccionaron 30 artículos clave. El análisis se centra en correlacionar el aporte térmico con la microestructura y las características mecánicas finales de la unión. El análisis evidencia que el calor del proceso TIG degrada consistentemente las propiedades mecánicas en las aleaciones de aluminio estudiadas 2219, 5083, 7075, 6061. El efecto principal es el ablandamiento y crecimiento de grano en la Zona Afectada por el Calor (HAZ), lo que reduce la dureza y la resistencia a la tracción hasta en un 50-60% comparado con el metal base.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Luis Chica Castro, Hugo Ernesto Solís Ferrer, Víctor Hugo Garofalo Largo, Joyce Marcelo Arias Pereira
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